The Council of Ministers is the principal executive body and cabinet of the Republic of Albania, headed by the Prime Minister. It is responsible for formulating and implementing domestic and foreign policies, directing public administration, and proposing legislation to Parliament. Tracing its origins to December 1912 when Ismail Qemali formed Albania's first provisional government after the declaration of independence, the council was reconstituted in its modern democratic framework following the fall of communism in 1991.