United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth CircuitJudiciary

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit is an Article III federal appellate court headquartered at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. Its judicial mandate is to hear appeals from the nine federal district courts across Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, as well as review decisions from federal administrative agencies. Established by Congress on March 3, 1891, under the Evarts Act (Judiciary Act of 1891), the court historically presided over landmark civil rights and school desegregation cases following Brown v. Board of Education, and has frequently adjudicated pivotal national security and executive power disputes in modern jurisprudence.